Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the surgical procedure used to remove kidney stones that are large (over 2 cm), irregularly shaped, and often very painful. PCNL is typically used when the kidney stone does not pass on its own (through urine) or cannot be removed by other procedures such as lithotripsy or uteroscopy. The surgeon makes…more
