Vaginal Discharge

Our body produces natural secretions to keep the inner lining moist and healthy. Similarly, discharge from the vagina is a natural and healthy bodily function that aids in keeping the vagina clean and free from infections. However, abnormal vaginal discharge can be due to an underlying issue that requires medical attention. Let's understand the various vaginal discharge types, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

What is Vaginal Discharge?

Vaginal discharge is a healthy fluid or mucus secreted by the glands located in the vagina and cervix. In healthy conditions, vaginal discharge is a clear or whitish fluid. It serves several vital functions, including:

• Keeping the vaginal area moist and the vaginal environment healthy
• Flushing out dead cells and bacteria
• Protecting against infections
• Discharge provides natural lubrication

The amount, consistency, and odour of vaginal discharge can vary throughout a woman's menstrual cycle, during pregnancy, and with age. Changes in the amount, consistency, colour or odour could indicate an infection or other issues.

Types of Vaginal Discharge

Vaginal discharge can differ in colour, consistency, and odour, depending on various factors. Here are some common types:

• Clear or White Vaginal Discharge: This is considered normal and healthy. It may increase during ovulation or sexual arousal.
• Thick, White, Clumpy Discharge: This type of discharge is often associated with a yeast infection (candidiasis).
• Yellow or Green Discharge: This type of discharge may indicate an infection, such as trichomoniasis or gonorrhoea.
• Brown or Bloody Discharge: This can occur during menstruation or may be a sign of cervical or uterine problems.
• Frothy Discharge: This can be a symptom of bacterial vaginosis.

Causes of Vaginal Discharge

Abnormal vaginal discharge can be due to:

1. Infections:

• Bacterial vaginosis (the most common cause of smelly vaginal discharge)
• Yeast infections (candidiasis)
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomoniasis

2. Hormonal Changes:

• Menstrual cycle
• Pregnancy
• Menopause
• Birth control pills

3. Foreign Objects:

• Forgotten tampons or condoms
• Vaginal douching
• Vaginal sprays or deodorants

4. Other Conditions:

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Cervical or uterine cancer
• Endometriosis
• Chemical irritation (from detergents, soaps, sexual lubricants or materials used in condoms) or rash
• Vaginal atrophy (due to decreased estrogen levels)

Diagnosis for Abnormal Vaginal Discharge

If you experience abnormal vaginal discharge, it's essential to talk to your doctor so that you can get proper diagnosis and treatment. Your doctor may perform the following tests:

• Physical analysis: Your doctor will examine your vaginal area and may take a sample of the discharge for further testing.
• Microscopic Examination: The pathologist will examine the discharge sample under a microscope to identify bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms.
• pH Testing: The acidity or alkalinity of the vaginal discharge can provide clues about the underlying cause.
• Cultures: If an infection is suspected, the doctor may conduct a culture to identify the specific microorganism causing the infection.
• Additional Tests: Depending on the symptoms and suspected cause, your doctor may order additional tests, such as a Pap smear, ultrasound, or biopsy.

Vaginal Discharge Treatment

The vaginal white discharge treatment depends on the underlying cause. The following are some common treatment options:

• Antibiotics: If a bacteria is responsible for excessive vaginal discharge, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to clear the infection.
• Antifungal Medications: For yeast infections, doctors may prescribe antifungal creams, suppositories, or oral medications.
• Hormonal Therapy: In cases where hormonal imbalances are causing the discharge, your doctor may recommend hormone replacement therapy or adjustments to birth control methods.
• Surgery: Sometimes, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove foreign objects or treat underlying conditions like cervical or uterine cancer.

When to See a Doctor

It's essential to seek medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Abnormal vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odour
• Itching, burning sensation, or irritation in the vaginal area
• Pain during intercourse or urination
• Fever or abdominal pain
• Bleeding between periods or after menopause

Home Remedy for Vaginal Discharge

While seeking medical attention is crucial for abnormal vaginal discharge, some home remedies can help manage mild cases or provide temporary relief, such as:

• Practice Good Hygiene: Maintain proper hygiene by gently washing your vaginal area with mild, unscented soap and water. Try to avoid douching, as it can disturb the natural balance of vaginal flora.
• Wear Breathable Underwear: Choose cotton underwear and avoid tight-fitting apparel, which can trap moisture and promote bacterial growth.
• Yoghurt or Probiotics: Consuming yoghurt or probiotic supplements may restore the balance of healthy bacteria in the vaginal area.
• Baking Soda Baths: Adding a small cup of baking soda to your warm bath can help relieve itching and discomfort associated with vaginal discharge.
• Over-the-counter Medications: Over-the-counter antifungal creams or suppositories may relieve mild yeast infections.

Conclusion

Vaginal discharge is a natural and essential component of our body's normal physiology, but abnormal discharge can indicate a condition that may require medical intervention. Although women generally do not reach for medical help in these situations due to social stigma, taking proactive steps may help identify complications in the early stages to maintain vaginal health and seek appropriate care when needed. If you're experiencing abnormal vaginal discharge or have any concerns about your vaginal health, don't hesitate to schedule an appointment with your doctor.

FAQs

1. When vaginal discharge can be due to an infection?

The reason for vaginal discharge can be infection if it accompanies by other symptoms such as itching, burning, pain, or an unpleasant vaginal discharge odour. Unusual colours like yellow, green, or grey and a thick, clumpy consistency may also indicate an infection.

2. What is considered normal vaginal discharge?

Normal vaginal discharge is clear or sometimes slightly whitish and may have a mild, inoffensive odour. The amount and consistency can vary throughout the menstrual cycle, with an increase during ovulation or pregnancy.

3. What does the colour of vaginal discharge mean?

• The vaginal discharge colour can provide clues about the underlying cause:
• Clear or whitish vaginal discharge: Generally considered normalYellow or green: May indicate an infection
• Brown or bloody: Can occur during menstruation or may be a sign of cervical or uterine problems

4. When should I go to the doctor for abnormal discharge?

You should seek medical attention if you experience abnormal vaginal discharge accompanied by symptoms such as itching, burning, pain, fever, or an unpleasant odour. Contacting a doctor if the discharge persists or worsens despite home treatment is also essential.

5. Is it normal to have a lot of discharge every day?

It is normal to have some vaginal discharge every day, but excessive discharge can be a sign of an underlying condition. If you experience a significant increase in discharge or become bothersome, it's best to consult your doctor.

6. Who treats abnormal vaginal discharge?

Consult a primary care physician or gynecologist (specialist in women’s reproductive health) in case of abnormal vaginal discharge. 

CARE Medical Team