Sore Tongue

A sore tongue may be a symptom of deficiency or the presence of an ulcer. Sometimes it may not be serious and may be easily treatable or it might resolve on its own. Sometimes, it may require medical and surgical intervention in serious cases such as tumours. 

What is a Sore Tongue?

A sore tongue may result from injury, infection, deficiency of certain nutrients, or ulcers and tumours. Pain in the tongue or at any part of it causing hindrance to free movement of the tongue is usually considered as soreness of the tongue. There may be pain while speaking, chewing, or swallowing, leading to a physical problem of the tongue or any underlying cause.

Causes of Sore Tongue

A sore tongue can be a result of many different problems-

• Trauma - Injury to the tongue while chewing or any accidental activity may lead to cuts in the tongue, leading to soreness.
• Inflammation - Inflammation of the tongue due to infections such as yeast infection or diseases like syphilis can cause a sore tongue.
• Ulcers - The appearance of red, white, grey, or yellow spots on the tongue indicates the formation of ulcers or canker sores in the tongue. It may be caused due to biting the tongue, stress, anxiety, withdrawal symptoms associated with smoking, and hormonal changes.
• Deficiencies - Vitamin B-12, iron, or folate deficiency may cause a smooth, sore tongue. Low zinc levels may also cause a burning sensation in the tongue, which can be a cause of sore tongue.
• Allergies - Certain food allergies may cause sore tongue. Some people are allergic to certain vegetables, fruits, and nuts, which may cause itch, swelling and soreness of the tongue along with the mouth and lips.
• Smoking - Smoking, as well as withdrawal symptoms of smoking, may cause sore tongue problems in certain people.
• Nerve Irritation - Neuralgia or nerve irritation may cause a sore tongue. Neuralgia is typically associated with oral and neck cancers.
• Lichen Planus - It is a chronic skin problem that causes an itchy rash and white lacy patches.
• Oral Cancer - Cancer is one of the many reasons for a sore tongue; however, it is worth noting that it is only a remote possibility. Oral cancer symptoms include losing teeth, painful chewing and swallowing, and chronically occurring sores that don't heal and bleed, among other symptoms.
• Oral Hygiene Products: Certain toothpaste or mouthwashes containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) can irritate the tongue.
• Dehydration: Insufficient hydration can lead to a dry mouth and sore tongue.
• Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormones, especially during menstruation or menopause, can lead to a sore tongue.
• Stress: High levels of stress may exacerbate symptoms related to the tongue, including soreness and ulcers.

Less common causes

Less commonly, tongue pain can be caused by:

• Viral Infections: Such as those that lead to hand, foot, and mouth disease or cold sores.
• Vitamin Deficiencies and Anemia: A sore tongue can be a sign of iron deficiency anemia or a lack of vitamin B12 or folate.
• Burning Mouth Syndrome: This condition causes a burning sensation on the tip of the tongue and often affects people with depression.
• Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: This involves repeated episodes of severe tongue pain due to nerve irritation.
• Lichen Planus: A long-term skin condition that causes an itchy rash and can also affect the mouth, leading to white patches and painful spots on the tongue.

Symptoms

Frequent symptoms that can impact your tongue consist of:

• An increase in the size or swelling of the tongue.
• Difficulty in tongue mobility.
• Complete or partial loss of the sense of taste.
• Alterations in the color of the tongue, which may manifest as white, yellow, dark red, purple, brown, or black.
• Modifications in the texture of the tongue, such as smoothness or the presence of raised patches or hair-like growths.
• Experiencing discomfort, soreness, or a burning sensation either across the entire tongue or in specific areas.

Diagnosis of Sore Tongue

If there is pain and soreness in the tongue without a history of any trauma to the tongue, it may help to get checked by the concerned doctor. The doctor may be able to make a diagnosis based on simply looking at the tongue or performing certain tests to rule out underlying conditions like diabetes, vitamin deficiencies, or cancer.

Sore Tongue Treatment

Treatment for sore tongue may include OTC medicines in case of infection. A visit to a dentist may be helpful if tongue pain is due to oral hygiene issues. In other cases of diabetes, ulcers or cancers, visiting a doctor may help in the treatment of the sore tongue through medication or, if required, surgery, such as in the case of oral cancer.

The treatment or management approach required for your condition is contingent upon the underlying cause of your symptoms. Possible treatments may encompass:

• Basic first-aid: You might necessitate initial self-care measures for treating a burnt tongue.
• Speech therapy: If you're dealing with a nerve-related condition that affects your tongue, speech therapy may be necessary to assist with speech and swallowing difficulties.
• Medications: In cases of infection, you may require anti-fungal medications or antibiotics.
• Dental appointments: If oral hygiene issues are contributing to tongue discomfort, scheduling visits to your dentist may be recommended.
• Topical Treatments: Mouth gels or ointments specifically designed for oral pain can provide localized relief and promote healing.
• Dietary Changes: Avoiding spicy, acidic, or abrasive foods can help minimize irritation while your tongue heals. A diet rich in soft foods may also be recommended.
• Hydration: Staying well-hydrated is essential for maintaining oral health. Drinking plenty of water can help soothe a sore tongue and prevent dryness.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): For individuals with conditions like burning mouth syndrome linked to anxiety or depression, CBT may be beneficial in managing psychological factors affecting tongue health.
• Oral Rinses: Specialized mouth rinses, such as those containing corticosteroids or anti-inflammatory ingredients, can help reduce swelling and pain.

Prevention of Sore Tongue

While it's not possible to prevent all tongue-related conditions, you can lower the chances of infection and inflammation by maintaining good oral hygiene. This includes brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, tongue scraping to eliminate bacteria, and scheduling routine dental cleanings.

Additionally, it's advisable to refrain from smoking and the use of tobacco products, as these habits can lead to the development of painful ulcers and raise the risk of oral cancer.

When to visit a Doctor?

If tongue pain is accompanied by some or a combination of the symptoms mentioned below, individuals should consider getting an expert opinion:

• Pain for several days
• Bleeding that doesn't stop
• Changes in the colour or texture of the tongue that is concerning
• Formation of lumps or sores that don't heal.

Infections of the tongue can be easily treated with medications and by practising good oral hygiene. The visiting doctor may be able to recommend the best treatment for the underlying cause of sore tongue.

What does a diseased tongue look like?

A healthy tongue is usually a uniform pink color and has small bumps on its surface. In contrast, diseased tongues can be dark red, white, yellow, or even black. They may have fuzzy growths instead of bumps or may appear smooth rather than textured.

Home Remedies for Sore Tongue

The sore tongue may be easily treated at home using simple ingredients available at home for non-serious causes. These include:

• Ice - Sucking on ice cubes can help alleviate pain, inflammation, and swelling of the tongue.
• Chamomile Tea - It is a natural home remedy for mouth sores (source: NCCIH)
• Sage - Sage plant also works as a home remedy for inflammation or sores by rinsing the mouth with it, which has to be booked and cooled before use.
• Honey - It has antibacterial properties, which can help soothe pain due to canker sores and minor cuts.
• Avoid Smoking - Tobacco causes slow healing of wounds and sores; therefore, smoking should be avoided when suffering from a sore tongue.
• Aloe Vera: The gel from an aloe vera plant can be applied to the tongue for its soothing and healing benefits.
• Avoid Irritating Foods: Steer clear of spicy, acidic, or crunchy foods that can further irritate the tongue until it heals.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your mouth moist and promote healing.
• Good Oral Hygiene: Maintain regular brushing and flossing to prevent infections and promote overall oral health.
• Salt Water Rinse: Dissolve a teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water and use it as a mouthwash. This can help reduce inflammation and promote healing.
• Baking Soda Rinse: Mix a teaspoon of baking soda in warm water and rinse your mouth. Baking soda helps neutralize acids and can soothe soreness.

Apart from these, individuals may also find relief from the sore tongue by maintaining good oral hygiene by brushing twice a day and cleaning the tongue at least once every day.

Conclusion

A sore tongue is usually not a serious problem and can be managed easily at home. However, it can occur or be a symptom of any other serious medical complication. Hence, if there are any doubts or persistent pain or discomfort with the tongue, visiting the doctor may help find the root cause.

FAQs

1. Is tongue pain serious?

Tongue pain is usually not serious, and there's nothing to worry about. Usually, it gets cured on its own in a few days. 

2. Is sore tongue vitamin deficiency?

Not all sore tongue symptoms are related to vitamin deficiency. There are additional symptoms like dizziness, weakness, and other accompanying symptoms in other parts of the body. 

3. Can allergies cause tongue pain?

Food allergies may cause itching, burning, and other feelings in the tongue. Allergy medication can aptly treat allergic reactions.

4. Can a sore tongue cause a sore throat?

Yes, a sore tongue can sometimes lead to a sore throat if it's due to an infection or irritation that affects both areas.

5. Can a sore tongue cause salivation?

Yes, a sore tongue can sometimes increase saliva production as a response to irritation or pain.

6. How to treat a sore tongue?

Avoid spicy and acidic foods, maintain good oral hygiene, rinse your mouth with salt water, and use over-the-counter pain relievers. If it's due to an infection, you might need medication from a doctor.

7. What causes a sore tongue?

Causes include biting your tongue, burns from hot food or drinks, infections, allergies, vitamin deficiencies, or certain medical conditions.

8. When should I be concerned about a sore tongue?

If the soreness lasts more than two weeks, is very painful, or is accompanied by other symptoms like a fever or swelling, you should see a doctor.

9. Why do I have a sore tongue for two weeks?

Persistent soreness can be due to infections, chronic irritation, nutritional deficiencies, or underlying health conditions. It's best to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

10. What medication is good for a sore tongue?

Over-the-counter pain relievers, topical anesthetics, and antiseptic mouthwashes can help. For infections, a doctor might prescribe antifungal or antibacterial medications.

11. What is the best vitamin for a sore tongue?

Vitamin B12, iron, and folic acid are important for tongue health. A deficiency in these vitamins can cause a sore tongue.

12. How long does a sore tongue last?

It usually lasts a few days to a week. If it persists beyond two weeks, you should see a doctor.

13. What is a sore tongue a symptom of?

A sore tongue can be a symptom of infections, allergies, nutritional deficiencies, trauma, or certain medical conditions like oral thrush or geographic tongue.

CARE Medical Team

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