Pale Skin

Having pale skin is quite normal for some people. It is a description of their complexion. However, when the skin suddenly turns pale and appears lifeless, it often indicates an underlying medical condition, which can be severe and life-threatening.

Pale skin, also known as pallor, can occur in individuals of any skin complexion, whether fair or dark. Mild cases of pale skin can be treated at home if they are not serious. However, severe cases require attention from medical professionals who can diagnose the skin condition and recommend the most suitable treatment based on individual situations and medical tests. Let's discuss the various aspects of pale skin.

What is Pale Skin? 

Pale skin is a term used to describe abnormal whitening of the skin or mucous membranes. It can occur in a localised area or be widespread across the body. This condition is often accompanied by paleness on the surface of the tongue, inside the mouth, and the lining of the eyes. Skin pigmentation does not typically indicate a health issue.

Unhealthy eating habits and decreased blood flow can contribute to paleness. In addition to the skin, paleness can be observed in the following body parts:

• Fingernails
• Tongue
• The mucous membrane inside the mouth
• The inner membrane of the lower eyelids

Causes of Pale Skin

Paleness in the skin is usually caused by decreased blood supply to the skin. It may also be caused by red blood cell deficiency (anaemia). While many people assume that melanin deposits cause paleness, paleness is typically related to blood flow in the skin.

Pale skin, also known as pallor, can be caused by various factors, including:

• Anemia: One of the most common causes of pale skin is anemia, which occurs when there is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia can result from iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, or other underlying conditions affecting red blood cell production or lifespan.
• Blood Loss: Acute or chronic blood loss, such as from injury, surgery, gastrointestinal bleeding, or heavy menstrual periods, can lead to pale skin due to decreased blood volume and oxygen-carrying capacity.
• Shock: Shock is a life-threatening condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery to vital organs. Pale skin is a common symptom of shock, along with other signs of circulatory failure such as low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, and altered mental status.
• Poor Circulation: Conditions that impair blood flow to the skin, such as peripheral artery disease, Raynaud's disease, or vasospasm, can result in pale or bluish skin discoloration, particularly in the extremities.
• Hypotension: Low blood pressure, whether due to dehydration, medications, or underlying medical conditions, can cause inadequate blood flow to the skin and lead to pallor.
• Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) can slow down metabolism and lead to pale, dry skin, as well as other symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.
• Malnutrition: Inadequate intake of essential nutrients, especially iron, vitamin B12, and folate, can lead to anemia and pale skin.
• Chronic Illnesses: Certain chronic medical conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, liver disease, cancer, or autoimmune disorders, can cause systemic changes that result in pale skin.
• Medications: Some medications, including chemotherapy drugs, antipsychotics, certain antibiotics, and antihypertensive medications, can cause pale skin as a side effect.
• Infections and Inflammatory Conditions: Severe infections, sepsis, or inflammatory conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis can lead to pale skin due to systemic inflammation and tissue damage.
• Psychological Factors: Emotional stress, anxiety, or fear can cause pallor due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and redirection of blood flow away from the skin and toward vital organs.

Symptoms of Pale Skin

Paleness often occurs with other medical conditions. Some of the symptoms of pale skin associated with other conditions can be - 

Acute Anaemia

• Rapid heart rate
• Chest shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Hypotension or low blood pressure
• Loss of consciousness 

Chronic Anaemia

Chronic anaemia has no symptoms other than paleness, sensitivity to colds, and fatigue. 

Shock

• Clammy skin
• Light-headedness 
• Dizziness
• Rapid and shallow breathing
• Rapid and weak pulse
• Anxiety
• Thirst 
• Loss of consciousness 

Hypoglycemia 

• Sweating
• Fatigue
• Hunger
• Trouble concentrating 
• Irritability 
• Light-headedness 
• Dizziness 

Arterial Blockage of a Limb 

Arterial blockage or lack of blood circulation can cause localised paleness, typically in the arms and legs. Sometimes, the legs can become cold and stiff due to a lack of blood circulation.

Diagnosis of Pale Skin

Pale skin indicates illness and abdominal pain and tenderness may suggest that internal bleeding is causing the paleness. Therefore, if a patient experiences these symptoms or notices a pale spot on the skin, they should schedule an appointment with a doctor. The doctor will order specific diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause of the paleness.

The attending doctor will carefully review the medical history and symptoms, as well as check the blood pressure and heart rate. While pale skin is usually diagnosed visually, it can be difficult to detect in individuals with dark skin. Additionally, the following tests may be conducted to diagnose pale skin:

• Reticulocyte Count: This test assesses how well the bone marrow is functioning.
• Faecal Blood Test: This test checks for blood in the stool, which could indicate intestinal bleeding.
• Kidney Function Test: Kidney problems can cause anaemia, so the doctor may order a creatinine blood test or a blood urea nitrogen test to evaluate kidney health.
• Thyroid Function Test: A series of tests are conducted to assess thyroid function since thyroid dysfunction can also cause anaemia and pale skin.
• Complete Blood Count (CBC): This test evaluates the red blood cell count and helps determine if the patient has anaemia or any other infections.
• Nutrition Deficiency Test: The doctor may order a serum iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid test to check for any nutrient deficiencies.
• Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds are common imaging tests ordered by the doctor to obtain a better look inside the body where the skin appears pale.
• Extremity Arteriography: During this test, dye is injected into the artery of a limb to detect any blockages.

Treatment of Pale Skin

The treatment for pale skin depends on the underlying cause. Some treatment options include:

• Covering the affected area with a warm washcloth if the patient has pale skin due to frostbite.
• Eating a nutrient-rich, balanced diet.
• Taking iron, vitamin B12, or folate supplements, or consuming folate-rich foods.
• Wearing loose clothing and staying hydrated.
• Consuming glucose tablets or fast-acting carbohydrates if the patient has low blood sugar.
• Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption.
• Managing cholesterol levels.
• Surgery in cases of arterial blockage.

How do you identify Paleness?

Paleness, also known as pallor, refers to a paler than usual appearance of the skin, mucous membranes, or other tissues in the body. It can be indicative of various underlying conditions, including anemia, shock, circulation problems, or certain medical conditions. Here are some common ways to identify paleness:

• Skin Color: Paleness can be observed by comparing the affected area of the skin to surrounding areas. The skin may appear noticeably lighter or more washed out in color compared to its usual tone. Paleness may be most noticeable on areas of the body with less pigmentation, such as the face, lips, palms, or inside the mouth.
• Comparative Assessment: Compare the color of the skin to a baseline or normal color. For example, if a person typically has a darker complexion, any significant lightening of the skin may indicate paleness.
• Nail Beds: Examine the nail beds, which are the skin beneath the fingernails and toenails. Paleness of the nail beds may be apparent when compared to their usual pinkish color.
• Mucous Membranes: Check the color of the mucous membranes, such as the inside of the lips, gums, or the lining of the eyelids. Paleness may be evident in these areas as well.
• General Appearance: Consider the overall appearance of the individual. Paleness may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, dizziness, shortness of breath, or cold extremities.
• Medical History and Context: Consider the individual's medical history, current health status, and any recent events or circumstances that may contribute to paleness, such as blood loss, anemia, shock, or chronic medical conditions.

When to Call a Doctor?

Call the doctor immediately if there is sudden paleness on the skin. If the pale skin is accompanied by any of the following symptoms, it is considered a medical emergency:

• Fainting
• Fever
• Vomiting blood
• Rectal bleeding 
• Abdominal pain

Home Remedies to Cure Pale Skin 

• Lemon: Lime is known for its skin-healing properties and is a great source of ascorbic acid or vitamin C. It also helps prevent excess oil production. Add a few drops of lime juice to your body scrub or pack and apply it to the pale skin.
• Yoghurt and Orange Peel: Oranges have antioxidant properties and are known to treat skin paleness. Apply a paste of orange peel powder and yoghurt to the affected area. Depending on the severity, you should start seeing improvements within 3-4 weeks.
• Tomato: Tomatoes remove dead skin cells and promote healthier skin. They are also beneficial for pale skin. Take a slice of tomato, rub it on the affected area, and rinse it off.
• Aloe Vera: Aloe vera has antioxidant properties that help achieve soft, smooth, and healthy skin. It also regulates tyrosinase activity, which maintains melanin production. Aloe vera is known for its ability to give the skin a natural glow.
• Sandalwood: Sandalwood has natural healing properties. Make a mixture of sandalwood, turmeric, and milk. Apply it to the pale skin and leave it on for 10-15 minutes. Gently wash it off. This process can be repeated twice a week.
• Papaya: Papaya is a powerful natural exfoliator that dissolves inactive protein and dead skin, leaving the skin softer. Make a paste of papaya and apply it all over the skin. Leave it on for 3-5 minutes and rinse it off thoroughly.

Conclusion

To conclude, pale skin is characterised by a loss of colour and can be attributed to various factors such as anaemia, high blood pressure, or frostbite. While paleness may not be concerning in certain instances, there are situations where it can be potentially dangerous and impact overall health. Therefore, if someone experiences pale skin, it is important for them to consult a doctor to rule out any underlying critical conditions.

FAQs

1. Can dehydration cause pale skin?

Yes, dehydration is a major cause of pale skin and can have negative effects on health. It is important to stay hydrated to prevent this.

2. What does paleness mean?

Paleness refers to a lighter, dull, and colourless appearance of the skin. 

3. Can pale skin be normal?

Pale skin is not considered normal as it is often associated with underlying conditions that can be serious. It is advisable to consult a doctor if there are signs of paleness.

4. Is pale skin fair?

No, pale skin does not refer to fairness. It signifies the absence of colour in the skin, although it may appear lighter than the person's usual skin tone.

5. What is pale skin a sign of?

Pale skin can be a sign of various conditions, such as anaemia or frostbite. 

6. Can pale skin tan?

Yes, pale skin can tan, but it may take longer compared to darker skin. When exposed to sunlight, the skin produces melanin, a pigment that darkens the skin. People with pale skin need to be careful to avoid sunburn by using sunscreen and limiting sun exposure.

7. Why do I get pale skin when sick?

When you're sick, your body may move blood away from your skin to your organs. This can make your skin look pale. Also, if you're dehydrated or have a fever, your skin may look pale and dry.

8. Can veins be seen through the skin?

Yes, you can sometimes see veins through your skin, especially if you have fair or thin skin. This is normal and happens because the skin is thin and the veins are close to the surface. It's more noticeable in areas like your hands, arms, and legs.

CARE Medical Team