Role of Hormones In Postpartum Depression: Expert Explains The Link And Importance Of Personalised Treatment

Did you know women are at risk of depression after their postpartum period? Postpartum Depression (PPD) can cause complications for new mothers, including anxiety, extreme sadness, and difficulty bonding with their children. There are various reasons behind this occurrence, and hormonal changes are among the most significant factors. PPD can make it hard for new mothers to care for themselves and their babies. Hence, it becomes crucial to understand the role of hormones in enabling suitable treatment.

We spoke to Dr Manjula Anagani, Padmashree Awardee, Clinical Director, Robotic Gynaecologist and HOD, Care Vatsalya, Women and Child Institute, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, who shared insights on the same.

Nearly four-fifths of new mothers feel sad or overwhelmed after having a baby, often called the 'baby blues.' However, about one in five new mothers experience a more serious condition called postpartum depression. According to a 2016 study, important risk factors for PPD include a history of depression episodes, previous experiences with PPD, and experiencing depression during pregnancy.

Role Of Hormonal Shift

Pregnancy causes a shift in hormonal changes, preparing the body for childbirth and motherhood. "During this time, oestrogen and progesterone levels in your body increase ten-fold to support the growing baby and keep the pregnancy healthy. However, after childbirth, these hormone levels drop suddenly, causing a dramatic shift in brain chemistry that can affect a woman's mood and emotions," explained Dr Anagani.

Which Hormones Are Involved?

• Since oestrogen and progesterone regulate mood and emotional stability, a sudden drop in their levels can cause mood disturbances, irritability, and feelings of sadness.
• Also, cortisol, the stress hormone, fluctuates during pregnancy and postpartum. The rise in cortisol levels can make new mothers anxious and stressed.
• Breastfeeding can stimulate oxytocin production, which promotes bonding between mother and baby. However, some women lack this love hormone, which results in difficulty bonding and feelings of detachment.
• Women with postpartum thyroiditis, a condition where thyroid hormone levels unpredictably fluctuate, can mimic or exacerbate symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Personalising Treatment for Postpartum Depression

As we know hormonal fluctuations affect each woman differently, and a single treatment approach doesn't work for everyone. "Instead, personalised treatment strategies that consider a woman's unique hormonal profile, medical history, and current psychological state are more effective in helping her manage postpartum depression," added Dr Anagani.

Hormone Rebalancing

In some cases, oestrogen therapy helped ease symptoms of PPD by balancing hormone levels. However, this treatment requires close monitoring by medical experts.

Also, thyroid function screenings can help detect postpartum thyroiditis and promptly address any issues with appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy when detected.

Lifestyle Adjustments

• You should adopt a balanced diet containing omega-3s, B vitamins, and iron as it nourishes hormonal equilibrium and lifts mood.
• Engaging in regular activities that regulate cortisol like yoga and meditation can reduce stress and anxiety by engaging both body and mind.

Psychological Tools and Communal Aid

Cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy can significantly help women process and cope with postpartum depression. "Support groups and counselling sessions also provide a safe and caring space for mothers to share their experiences, connect with others, and receive support and understanding," said Dr Anagani.

Medical Intervention When Critical

In severe cases, antidepressants may be prescribed to manage debilitating symptoms of PPD. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor is commonly prescribed and considered safe for use during breastfeeding when used with appropriate medical management.

Familial and Social Assistance

New mothers can benefit from family involvement in childrearing and chores. Health care providers should consistently emphasise the importance of social relationships and encourage patients to seek assistance when needed.

Breaking the Stigma and Raising Awareness

Dr Anagani concluded, "Stigma surrounding maternal mental health is one of the biggest challenges in addressing PPD. Many women hesitate to seek help due to fear of being judged or labelled inadequate mothers, therefore further isolating themselves in their struggles. Educating new mothers and raising public awareness is crucial to normalising open discussions about PPD symptoms and encouraging them to prioritise self-care without feeling guilty or ashamed."

Reference Link

https://www.onlymyhealth.com/role-of-hormones-in-postpartum-depression-and-importance-of-personalised-treatment-12977825993