Reversing Type 2 Diabetes: What Science And Expert Reveal

What if Type 2 diabetes wasn’t a lifelong condition but something that could be reversed? For years, managing diabetes meant relying on medication, but recent research has challenged this belief. Targeted lifestyle changes, weight loss, and innovative medical treatments can push Type 2 diabetes into remission. This shift offers hope for millions, proving that with the right approach, long-term diabetes control is possible. We spoke to Dr Vrinda Agrawal, Consultant Endocrinology, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, who explained the latest advancements in diabetes reversal and what they mean for the future of healthcare.

"Diabetes reversal means getting your blood sugar levels back to normal without needing medication, although continuous lifestyle changes are pivotal to maintaining remission. Unlike a cure, which means the disease is completely gone, remission means the disease is still there. However, with remission, the disease is under control and blood sugar levels are normal without needing medication," explained Dr Agrawal. Substantial weight loss, dietary changes, and medical treatments can lead to diabetes remission, especially in patients diagnosed within the last five years.

Role of Lifestyle Changes and Weight Loss

Caloric Restriction and Dietary Interventions

One of the most promising strategies in diabetes reversal lies in caloric restriction, as demonstrated extensively in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) conducted in the United Kingdom. This landmark study revealed that people with Type 2 diabetes who adhered to a very low-calorie diet (800 kcal/day) for 3-5 months experienced substantial weight loss, resulting in remission for nearly 46% of participants after one year and 36% of the two-year mark.

"The mechanism behind such reversal involves reducing fat deposits accumulated in the liver and pancreas, restoring normal insulin production levels. Restriction of calories can downregulate genes associated with inflammation and reverse epigenetic changes linked to obesity," said Dr Agrawal. While demanding, such restrictions provide hope that complete recovery from diabetes is possible through sustained lifestyle changes focused on nutrition and weight management.

Intermittent Fasting

"Time-restricted eating plans and low-carbohydrate diets have shown encouraging outcomes. These eating methods aid in controlling insulin sensitivity, decreasing excess fat storage, and upholding balanced blood sugar levels," added Dr Agrawal.

According to a 2022 trial, fasting and carbohydrate constraints can lower HbA1c levels, diminish insulin resistance, and advocate sustainable weight reduction, factors in diabetes remission.

Physical Activity

It helps improve insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. Both aerobic exercises, for instance, brisk walking, cycling and swimming, and strength training, such as dumbbell lifts and bodyweight moves, add to more advantageous blood sugar oversight. According to a 2019 study, 23% of participants achieved partial or complete remission after a 12-month exercise-based lifestyle intervention.

Emerging Medical Treatments for Diabetes Remission

Bariatric Surgery

"Procedures, such as gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy have emerged as among the most impactful interventions for diabetes remission, especially for those with a BMI over 30. Surgeries not only facilitate significant fat loss but also enhance insulin secretion and glucose processing," said Dr Agrawal. Clinical trials demonstrate upwards of 80% of patients experiencing diabetes going into remission post-operation, with benefits maintained over the long haul, according to the Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.

New Medication

New medicines, such as semaglutide and empagliflozin, have shown promise in helping people lose weight and control their blood sugar levels. "These medicines not only lower blood sugar levels, but also help control hunger, burn fat, and improve heart health. While they are not a cure for diabetes, researchers think they might be able to help people achieve long-term remission from the disease," explained Dr Agrawal.

Personalised Medicine and the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota has emerged as a key player in metabolic well-being. Modifications in gut microorganisms influence insulin resistance and swelling. Future remedies may involve microbiome-targeted interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and faecal microbiota transplants to restore metabolic balance and aid diabetes remission.

Challenges and Future Directions

"While there have been advancements in diabetes reversal methods, several obstacles still arise. Maintaining significant weight reduction and lifestyle modifications over extended periods is no simple feat, requiring behavioural support, guidance from coaches, and involvement in community initiatives to solidify remission," highlighted Dr Agrawal.

Not every person with diabetes sees remission through identical interventions; personalised treatment blueprints are critical for maximising outcomes. Furthermore, many patients and healthcare providers remain oblivious to the possibility that Type 2 diabetes can be reversed. Broader education, campaigns to spread awareness, and policy shifts are still needed to ensure these remission strategies become widely accessible.

Bottomline

Dr Agrawal concluded, "New research on Type 2 diabetes shows that it is possible to reverse the condition, rather than just managing it. We can do this through weight loss, healthy eating, exercise, and medical treatments. As healthcare professionals, it's our job to educate and empower patients with the knowledge and tools they need to take control of their health. By combining lifestyle changes with medical advances, we hope to improve the quality of life and health outcomes for everyone affected."

Reference Link

https://www.onlymyhealth.com/reversing-type-2-diabetes-through-lifestyle-changes-weight-loss-and-newer-medical-treatments-12977825524