Explained: How a heart attack can affect your brain

New Delhi: When we think of heart attacks, the immediate concerns that come to mind are chest discomfort, shortness of breath, or the need to restore blood flow to the heart promptly. However, the effects of a heart attack stretch beyond the cardiovascular system. Emerging studies highlight an intriguing association between cardiac wellness and cerebral function, underscoring that myocardial infarction can influence your intellectual abilities meaningfully.

While talking about the heart and brain connection, Dr. P L N Kapardhi, Clinical Director, Cath Lab & Sr. Interventional Cardiologist, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, said, “The human body operates as an integrated whole, and the heart and mind are two of its most important organs. They are interlinked through a complex network of blood vessels and neural pathways, ensuring consistent communication to maintain homeostasis. When the heart’s performance is compromised during a heart attack, this intricate relationship is disrupted, leading to potential implications for the brain. A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when the blood supply to a portion of the heart is blocked, typically due to a blood clot in a coronary artery. This deprivation of oxygenated blood can damage the heart muscle. But many fail to realize that the same event can impair cerebral circulation, putting the brain at risk of injury.”

Cognitive Impact Post-Heart Attack

Studies have shown that individuals who have suffered a heart attack are at a higher risk of experiencing cognitive decline. Here are some of the key ways a heart attack can affect brain health:

Psychological Effects: The Heart-Mind Connection

In addition to the physiological impact, a heart attack can have profound psychological consequences. Depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among heart attack survivors. These conditions can further impair cognitive function, creating a vicious cycle where emotional health and brain health deteriorate together.

Preventing Cognitive Decline After a Heart Attack

While the connection between heart attacks and cognitive decline is concerning, the good news is that proactive measures can mitigate these risks. Here are some steps you can take:

The link between heart attacks and cognitive decline underscores the importance of viewing heart health and brain health as two sides of the same coin. We should prioritise a holistic approach – patient care, recognizing that treating the heart also means safeguarding the mind. If you or a loved one has experienced a heart attack, remember that protecting your brain is a vital part of the recovery journey. By staying informed, seeking timely care, and embracing a heart-healthy lifestyle, you can help ensure both your heart and mind remain resilient for years to come.
Reduced Blood Flow to the Brain: A heart attack compromises efficient pumping, resulting in inadequate brain perfusion causing temporary/permanent impairments. Over time, reduced flow contributes to losses like memory, concentration, and processing speed.

1. Increased Risk of Stroke: Often signaling issues like atherosclerosis where plaque builds in arteries, this condition impacts arteries supplying blood to the brain, heightening ischemic stroke risk. Depending on the affected area, strokes can cause severe deficits. Additionally, after a heart attack with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, a clot can form in the heart and embolise the brain, causing a stroke. This occurs in approximately 1-2% of cases.
2. Silent Brain Injuries: Sometimes, heart attacks can lead to silent brain injuries—tiny, unnoticed strokes or damage to the brain’s white matter. These injuries can accumulate over time, leading to vascular dementia or other cognitive disorders.
3. Inflammatory Response: A heart attack triggers a systemic inflammatory response, which, while critical for healing, can have unintended effects on the brain. Chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
4. Early Intervention: If you experience symptoms of a heart attack, seeking immediate medical attention is crucial. Timely treatment can minimise heart damage and reduce the risk of complications affecting the brain.
5. Managing Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Maintaining optimal blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and blood sugar is essential to prevent further cardiovascular events and protect brain health. Regular check-ups and adherence to prescribed medications can make a significant difference.
6. Adopting a Heart-Healthy Lifestyle: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, combined with regular exercise, not only supports cardiovascular health but also promotes cognitive resilience. Additionally, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption are vital steps in reducing overall health risks.
7. Cognitive Rehabilitation: For those who experience cognitive issues post-heart attack, engaging in cognitive rehabilitation exercises can help. These may include memory games, problem-solving tasks, or activities that challenge your brain to adapt and recover.
8. Emotional Well-being: Addressing mental health is as important as treating physical health. Counseling, support groups, or therapies like mindfulness and meditation can help manage the emotional aftermath of a heart attack and improve overall brain function.

Reference Link

https://www.news9live.com/health/health-news/explained-how-a-heart-attack-can-affect-your-brain-2795287