Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone, a widely used corticosteroid, helps manage numerous health issues, ranging from inflammatory disorders to various skin conditions. This potent medication influences the body's immune response and inflammation processes, making it a go-to solution for doctors.

Let's explore the many hydrocortisone uses and the specifics of hydrocortisone tablets. We'll cover how to use hydrocortisone medication safely, potential side effects, and necessary precautions to remember. Additionally, we'll explain how hydrocortisone oral treatments work, discuss their interaction with other medicines, and provide essential dosing information. 

What is Hydrocortisone?

Hydrocortisone, also known as cortisol, is a powerful corticosteroid medication. The adrenal cortex naturally produces this glucocorticoid hormone. Doctors use hydrocortisone to treat various health issues, including immune, inflammatory, and neoplastic conditions. Edward Kendall discovered it in the 1930s, initially naming it Compound F or 17-hydroxycorticosterone. The FDA approved hydrocortisone on 5 August 1952.

This versatile medication works as a corticosteroid hormone receptor agonist. It binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, leading to anti-inflammatory effects and changes in gene expression. Hydrocortisone comes in different forms, such as tablets, creams, ointments, and enemas, each designed for specific health problems. Doctors prescribe it to address swelling and inflammation and slow the immune system.

Common Uses of Hydrocortisone

Hydrocortisone, a mild corticosteroid, has a wide range of applications in treating various medical conditions, such as:

• Rheumatic disorders, such as ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis
• Severe allergies 
• Inflammatory eye conditions
• Haemorrhoids 
• Mouth ulcers
• Various stomach and intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis 
• Endocrine disorders, including thyroid inflammation
• Collagen disorders like systemic lupus erythematosus 
• Respiratory issues such as asthma, Loeffler's syndrome and certain infections like tuberculosis
• Skin conditions like severe psoriasis, pemphigus, heat rash, and seborrheic dermatitis
• Certain blood disorders
• Cancer-related conditions

How to Use Hydrocortisone Tablets Safely

• Doctors prescribe hydrocortisone tablets for various conditions. Patients should take this medicine exactly as directed. They shouldn't take more, take it more often, or use it for longer than prescribed. Doing so may increase the risk of unwanted effects.
• For long-term use, patients shouldn't suddenly stop taking hydrocortisone without consulting their doctor. A gradual dose reduction may be necessary.
• Patients should take hydrocortisone with food or milk to prevent stomach upset. They should follow the prescription label carefully and ask their doctor to explain unclear instructions.
• Patients should take a dose as soon as possible if they missed a dose. However, if it's almost time for the next dose, they should skip the missed dose and return to their regular schedule. Doubling doses is not recommended.
• Patients should store hydrocortisone tablets in a closed container at room temperature. They should keep it out of children's reach and dispose of unused medicine properly.
• If used as a topical application, do not use it on the face or underarms unless directed by a doctor. Wash your hands before and after using. Do not cover or wrap the area unless directed by your doctor.

Side Effects of hydrocortisone tablet

Hydrocortisone tablets, like all medicines, can cause side effects, though not everyone experiences them. As a mild steroid, it's unlikely to cause severe reactions.

Common side effects include: 

• Dizziness 
• Increased thirst
• Weakness and unusual tiredness
• Headaches 
• Muscle aches
• Indigestion
• Nausea
• Diarrhoea
• Acne or small red bumps on the skin (folliculitis)
• Unusual body hair growth
• Skin thinning and pigmentation

However, serious side effects can occur, especially with long-term use or high doses. These may include: 

• Cushing's syndrome manifests as a puffy face and weight gain in the abdominal or upper back area
• Signs of infections
• High blood sugar
• Adrenal gland problems, especially in children
• Mood changes and irritability
• Sleep issues
• Allergic reactions, including life-threatening anaphylaxis
• Increased risk of cancer 
• Affects bone health

If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, seeking medical advice is crucial. Your doctor can help manage these effects and may adjust your treatment if necessary.

Precautions

• Allergies: Individuals should inform their doctor if they are allergic to hydrocortisone, other corticosteroids, or other drugs.
• Infection: Hydrocortisone can increase infection risk. Individuals should avoid sick people, wash their hands often, and immediately report any signs of infection to their doctor. 
• Check-ups: Regular check-ups, including eye exams, are crucial. 
• Vaginal Problems: If women have vaginal itching or discharge, they should inform their doctor before using this drug.
• Immunisations: Individuals should avoid immunisations without doctor approval and inform all doctors about their hydrocortisone use.
• Sore in the Area: Do not use topical hydrocortisone if there is an infection or sore in the area to be treated.
• Systemic Conditions: Individuals with certain systemic conditions, such as liver diseases, myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypothyroidism, GI perforation, and bleeding disorders, should exercise caution.
• Pregnancy: The use of this medication during pregnancy should be limited to situations where it is utterly necessary.
• Breastfeeding Women: Breastfeeding women should avoid hydrocortisone tablets, as this drug can pass into breast milk.

How Hydrocortisone Tablet Works

Hydrocortisone tablets belong to a group of medications called glucocorticoids or adrenocorticosteroids. These steroid hormones can impact the body's immune response and inflammation processes. They work by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, leading to various effects throughout the body.

When someone takes a hydrocortisone tablet, it helps to reduce swelling and calm down the immune system's reactions to different triggers. This medication also influences how the body uses and stores carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Additionally, it plays a role in balancing water and electrolytes in the body.

Hydrocortisone tablets have anti-inflammatory properties. They inhibit genes that code for specific cytokines, which are proteins involved in inflammation. This action helps to suppress cell-mediated immunity and decrease the secretion of inflammatory substances in the body.

Can I Take Hydrocortisone with Other Medicines?

Hydrocortisone interacts with numerous medications, so patients must exercise caution when taking it alongside other drugs, including:

• Aldesleukin
• Aspirin
• Desmopressin
• Furosemide
• Metoprolol
• Mifepristone
• Medicines that can cause bleeding or bruising

Dosing Information

Doctors determine hydrocortisone doses based on the patient's condition and response.

For adrenocortical insufficiency, adults typically take 15 to 25 mg orally in divided doses daily. In acute adrenal crises, higher doses of 100 to 500 mg intravenously or intramuscularly may be necessary. 

For anti-inflammatory purposes, initial oral doses range from 20 to 240 mg daily. Parenteral doses start at 100 to 500 mg, repeating as needed. 

In sepsis cases, doctors may prescribe 200 mg daily via continuous IV infusion. 

For ulcerative colitis, patients often use 100 mg rectally nightly for up to 21 days. 

Children's doses are calculated based on body weight or surface area. Patients should follow their doctor's instructions and not alter doses without medical advice.

Conclusion

Hydrocortisone significantly impacts various aspects of health, from managing skin conditions to addressing serious inflammatory disorders. Its versatility makes it a valuable tool in the medical field, helping patients with various issues. However, it's crucial to remember that this powerful medication requires careful use and monitoring to avoid potential side effects.

Understanding hydrocortisone's uses, dosing, and precautions is key to its safe and effective use. Patients should promptly report unusual symptoms. By doing so, they can make the most of this critical medication while minimising risks. Hydrocortisone plays a vital role in modern medicine, offering relief and enhanced quality of life for many individuals with diverse health challenges.

FAQ's

1. Are hydrocortisone tablets steroids?

Yes, hydrocortisone tabs are steroid medications. They belong to a class of drugs called corticosteroids. These tablets work by decreasing inflammation, slowing down an overactive immune system, or replacing cortisol typically made in the body.

2. Is hydrocortisone safe to use daily?

For hormone replacement, doctors often prescribe 20mg to 30mg of hydrocortisone daily, split into two doses. However, individuals should always follow their doctor's instructions on the dosing schedule. Long-term use requires careful monitoring to avoid potential side effects.

3. What are hydrocortisone tablets used for?

Hydrocortisone tablets treat various conditions, including asthma, allergic reactions, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. They also help people with adrenal insufficiency, such as those with Addison's disease or who have had their adrenal glands removed.

4. Is hydrocortisone an antibiotic?

No, hydrocortisone is not an antibiotic. It's a corticosteroid that reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune system. However, some topical formulations may combine hydrocortisone with antibiotics for specific skin conditions.

5. When to take hydrocortisone?

The timing of hydrocortisone intake depends on the formulation. Standard tablets are usually taken 2-3 times daily with food. Slow-release tablets are typically taken once daily, about 30 minutes before breakfast. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions for dosing and timing.