10 Common Orthopedic Problems in Children

Orthopaedic problems in children can be a source of concern for parents and caregivers. Orthopaedic problems encompass a spectrum of conditions that affect the musculoskeletal system, including joints, bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. They can affect a child's mobility, growth, and overall well-being. Children can develop orthopaedic issues through various means, including congenital factors, developmental abnormalities, traumatic injuries from accidents or sports, infections affecting bones or joints, as well as neuromuscular disorders impacting muscles and nerves. Understanding the common orthopaedic problems that children may encounter is crucial to ensuring early detection and appropriate treatment. This comprehensive blog aims to provide a clear understanding of the most prevalent orthopaedic problems in children and offer strategies for managing them effectively.

10 Common Orthopaedic Problems in Kids

1. Limping: Limping is a common orthopaedic problem in children that can arise due to various factors. It may develop an injury, infection, or underlying musculoskeletal condition. Limping can significantly affect a child's ability to walk and participate in daily activities. Identifying the root cause of limping through a thorough evaluation by a doctor is crucial. Treatment approaches may include rest, physical therapy, or, in some cases, surgical intervention.
2. Flat foot: A flat foot, medically known as pes planus, is a condition where the foot arches are flattened, resulting in the entire sole touching the floor. While it is common for infants and toddlers to have flat feet, most children develop a normal arch as they grow. However, the arches may sometimes not develop properly, leading to flat feet. This condition may cause discomfort, pain, and difficulty with tasks that require prolonged standing or walking. Treatment options for flat feet include orthotic devices, physical therapy, and, in severe cases, surgery.
3. Bow legs and knock knees: Bow legs and knock knees are common orthopaedic conditions that affect the alignment of a child's legs. Bow legs refer to a condition where the legs curve outward, creating a distinct space between the knees when the ankles are together. On the other hand, knock knees refer to a condition where the legs curve inward, causing the knees to touch while the ankles are apart. While mild cases of bow legs and knock knees are considered normal during a child's early development, severe or persistent cases may require medical intervention. Treatment modalities may include observation, bracing, physical therapy, or corrective surgery.
4. Hip dysplasia: Hip dysplasia is a condition where the hip joint does not develop properly, resulting in instability and potential dislocation. It is more commonly present in newborns and infants. Early detection and immediate treatment of hip dysplasia are crucial to prevent long-term complications in children. Treatment approaches may include using a harness or brace, physiotherapy, or, in severe cases, surgical intervention. Regular follow-up appointments with your doctor are essential to monitor the progress and ensure appropriate management.
5. Fractures: Fractures, or broken bones, are common orthopaedic injuries in children. They can occur due to falls, sports-related accidents, or trauma. Fractures in children are typically different from those in adults because a child's bones are still growing. Treatment options for fractures depend on the type and severity of the injury. They may include casting, splinting, or, in some cases, surgical intervention. Proper immobilisation, pain management, and follow-up care are essential for optimal healing and recovery.
6. Scoliosis: Scoliosis is a condition distinguished by an abnormal spinal curvature. It can occur during childhood or adolescence and may progress if left untreated. Scoliosis can cause pain and discomfort and affect a child's posture and breathing. Early diagnosis through regular screenings is vital for effective management. Treatment approaches for scoliosis include observation, bracing, physical therapy, or, in severe cases, surgical intervention. A multidisciplinary approach involving orthopaedic specialists, physical therapists, and other healthcare professionals is often necessary to address the complexities of scoliosis.
7. Underlapping toes: Underlapping toes happen when one or more toes tuck under or overlap neighbouring toes, causing discomfort, pain, and trouble wearing shoes. Underlapping toes can be congenital or develop over time due to various factors. Treatment options may involve stretching exercises, splinting, or, in severe cases, surgical correction. Early medical intervention prevents further complications and promotes proper foot development.
8. Polydactyly: Polydactyly is a condition characterised by the presence of extra fingers or toes. It can occur in isolation or as part of a genetic syndrome. Polydactyly may cause functional limitations and cosmetic concerns. Treatment options for polydactyly depend on the specific characteristics and functional impact of the extra digits. Surgical intervention is often required to remove or reconstruct the extra fingers or toes. Close post-operative monitoring and follow-up care are essential to ensure optimal outcomes.
9. Internal femoral torsion: Internal femoral torsion refers to an inward twisting of the thighbone (femur), which can affect a child's gait and overall lower limb alignment. It is a common condition in infants and young children. Most cases of internal femoral torsion resolve spontaneously as a child grows. However, in severe or persistent cases, intervention may be necessary. Treatment options may include observation, physical therapy, or, in rare instances, surgical correction. 
10. Knock legs: Knock legs, also known as genu valgum, is a disorder where the knees are angled inward, causing the lower legs to appear bowed. It is a common condition during a child's early development. In most cases, knock legs resolve naturally as a child grows. However, severe or persistent cases may require medical intervention. Treatment options may include observation, bracing, or, in rare instances, surgical correction. 

Importance of Early Detection and Treatment

Early detection and treatment of common orthopaedic problems in children are crucial for several reasons, including: 

• Early intervention can prevent or minimise the potential long-term complications associated with these conditions. 
• Timely treatment of common orthopaedic problems in children can bring significant relief. It can alleviate pain, discomfort, and functional limitations, enabling children to engage in daily activities and reach their developmental milestones. 
• Early management can promote optimal growth and development of the musculoskeletal system, ensuring better long-term outcomes for children with orthopaedic problems.
• As a parent or caregiver, you must be attentive and seek medical guidance if you notice any signs or symptoms of orthopaedic problems in your child. Regular check-ups, screenings, and developmental assessments can aid in the early detection of these conditions. Remember, consultation with a doctor specialising in child orthopaedics is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.

Conclusion

Orthopaedic problems in children can limit mobility, cause pain, and restrict participation in physical activities. They may also lead to emotional challenges, social isolation, and difficulty forming relationships. Understanding and managing common orthopaedic problems in children is crucial for ensuring their overall wellness and development. By recognising the signs, seeking timely medical attention, and following the recommended treatment strategies, parents and child orthopaedic doctors can help children overcome these challenges and thrive.