Our bodies require sodium, which is a crucial element. The body's ideal sodium levels help in maintaining its electrolyte balance. It also helps in maintaining the body's water balance (the volume of fluid present both inside and outside of cells). The function of muscles and neurons depends on sodium as well. Increased or decreased salt levels in our bodies can cause a variety of harmful health impacts, ranging in severity from the relatively minor symptom of thirst to the extremely dangerous one of coma in really extreme circumstances. Heart failure, hunger, and diarrhoea are a few of the numerous factors that can lead to low sodium levels in blood tests. It is crucial to our general health that we maintain a good amount of this necessary mineral.

The sodium level in our body is determined through a diagnostic procedure called the Sodium blood test. It is a standard part of regular medical check-ups used to ascertain whether a person's sodium levels are within acceptable limits.

What is a Sodium Blood Test?

An abnormal sodium level, including low sodium (hyponatremia) and excessive sodium (hypernatremia), is identified using a sodium level test. The sodium test is often utilised as a component of a basic metabolic panel or an electrolyte panel during a regular health checkup. Other purposes for a blood sodium test include:

• Assisting in identifying, assessing, and monitoring electrolyte abnormalities as well as acid-base (pH) imbalances (acidosis or alkalosis).
• Determining the cause of dehydration or excessive fluid accumulation (edema) and assisting in monitoring the course of treatment.
• Aiding in the assessment and monitoring of various chronic or acute disorders affecting the thyroid, adrenal glands, liver, heart, kidneys, or lungs.
• Keeping track of any illicit substances the patient is taking, such as diuretics, that may affect their salt levels.

If someone has abnormal blood sodium levels, their urine sodium levels can be analysed to help identify the underlying cause of the imbalance. Additionally, urine salt testing can assist a doctor in identifying the source of kidney illness and guiding treatment if a patient's kidney test results are abnormal.

When should I get this Sodium Blood Test?

Sodium testing may be requested as a component of a metabolic panel or electrolyte panel during a normal physical examination or when a patient is being assessed for a short-term or long-term illness. A blood sodium test may be recommended when the following signs and symptoms of insufficient sodium are experienced:

• Weakness and fatigue
• Confusion

In severe cases, coma may occur.

When the salt level drops gradually, there might not be any symptoms. Because of this, salt levels are often checked, even in the absence of any obvious symptoms. If someone exhibits any of the following signs and symptoms of elevated sodium, the doctor may request a sodium blood test:

• Agitation
• Thirst
• Dry mucous membranes
• Reduced frequency of urination
• Muscle twitching

In severe situations, restlessness, erratic behaviour, unconsciousness, or convulsions may occur.

Sodium and other electrolytes may be monitored when administering intravenous (IV) fluids or when there is a risk of developing dehydration. Basic metabolic panels and electrolyte panels are often required when tracking the treatment of certain illnesses, such as high blood pressure, heart failure, liver, and renal disease. If a blood sodium test result is abnormal, a random or 24-hour urine sodium test may be prescribed to help identify the origin of the imbalance or to monitor the effectiveness of treatment.

Uses of Sodium Blood Test

A common test known as a sodium blood test can be performed to assess overall health. Conditions that affect the balance of fluids, electrolytes, and acidity in the body can be identified and monitored using this method. The test often consists of a series of tests known as an electrolyte panel. Additionally, it may be a component of the Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) and Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), which are two other sets of diagnostic tests.

The test results, which range from low, normal, to high sodium counts, are based on the sodium level present in the blood. If the sodium levels fall outside the typical range, individuals may experience various symptoms depending on whether the sodium levels are higher or lower than normal. The doctor may recommend medication or further testing based on these numbers.

How to prepare for the Sodium Blood Test?

Most of the time, a sodium test doesn't require any specific preparation. Prior to visiting the testing location, eat and drink normally. Before undergoing this test, one might need to discontinue the use of certain medications. However, it is best to stop taking medicines only when advised to do so by a doctor. 

In order for the lab to calculate the sodium level in the blood or urine sample, one must also drink a lot of water.

Procedure for Sodium Blood Test

A technician will draw blood for the test, often from the back of the hand or the inside of the elbow. To simplify blood extraction, the technician will place an elastic band around the arm, causing the veins to expand. Once a needle has been inserted into a vein, blood will collect in a glass vial or tube. The technician will remove the needle after collecting the blood and cover the puncture site.

Values of Sodium Blood Test Results

The amount of sodium in the circulation can be determined using a sodium blood test. If the amount is higher than normal, it may be a sign that you're consuming too much salt (sodium) or have renal trouble. 

Are there any risks associated with the test?

A blood test carries relatively minimal danger. Although there may be some slight pain or bruising at the site where the needle was inserted, most side effects are temporary.

Conclusion

The doctor may recommend a sodium level blood test for a variety of conditions. One might be taking substances that impact the salt levels in the blood; therefore, it may be necessary at times. It could also be a component of a general health checkup. Knowing the blood's salt content is crucial in either case. Reach out to CARE Hospitals if you are looking for world-class diagnosis services. 

FAQs

1. Can I take the sodium test at home?

Ans. Sodium blood tests cannot be done at home. You have to visit a local lab or a diagnostic center. For testing urine sodium levels at home, you can purchase a take-home kit. However, follow the instructions as given in the kit for proper results. 

2. What happens when sodium levels are low?

Ans. Low sodium levels can lead to health problems, including symptoms such as nausea, headaches, mental disorientation, restlessness, muscular cramps, and even seizures and coma in severe cases.

3. What is a normal sodium level?

Ans. The typical blood sodium level for adult men and women is 140 mEq/L (or mmol/L). While this is the usual sodium level for adults of all genders, the lower and upper limits are 135 and 145 mEq/L, respectively.

4. What is a high sodium level in the blood?

Ans. High sodium in blood tests is medically referred to as hypernatremia. Concentrations exceeding 145 mEq/L are considered excessive.

5. How can I increase my sodium level?

Ans. Consume foods such as olives, pickles, and other foods that are high in sodium. You can increase the salt intake, but it should be consumed in moderation as excess salt intake is linked with high blood pressure, which can further cause heart diseases.