Hyperthyroidism in Men: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

In the field of health and well-being, some ailments whisper before they roar. Among these, thyroid disorders, particularly hyperthyroidism, stand out for their subtle onset but potentially profound impact on health. It's especially true for males, who often overlook or misinterpret the signs of thyroid disease due to its less frequent occurrence in comparison to females. This comprehensive blog aims to shed light on the silent battle against hyperthyroidism in males, from its causes and manifestations to diagnosis, treatment, and the crucial timelines for seeking medical help.

Causes of High Thyroid Levels in Males

While less common in males than in females, thyroid disease can significantly disrupt one's quality of life. The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped organ in the front of the neck, plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolism, energy generation, and hormonal balance. Hyperthyroidism emerges when it malfunctions, producing higher-than-normal levels of thyroid in males and females and setting off a surge of bodily responses.

The causes of high thyroid levels in males are multifaceted, including: 

• Autoimmune disorders, such as Graves' disease, lead the charge by tricking the immune system into attacking the thyroid, thereby increasing its activity. It is the most common cause of thyroid diseases in males.
• A family history of thyroid disease may increase the risk of thyroid disorders in males. 
• Excessive iodine intake or residing in the iodine deficiency area can lead to thyroid problems in men.
• Certain medical conditions, such as pituitary disorders, can indirectly affect thyroid function by disrupting the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
• Other contributors include nodules that autonomously produce thyroid hormone and thyroid gland inflammation, which can result in temporary hyperthyroidism, a key component of thyroid hormones.

Symptoms of High Thyroid Disease in Males

Thyroid symptoms in males in hyperthyroidism can be misleading, often impersonating as signs of other health issues or lifestyle stressors. It makes them easy to dismiss, which can delay diagnosis and treatment. Key symptoms include: 

• Unexpected weight loss, despite no changes in diet or exercise routines
• Increased sensitivity to heat
• A noticeable acceleration in heart rate and heart palpitations
• Swelling in the neck, a visible sign of an enlarged thyroid gland or goitre
• Difficulty concentrating or memory problems
• Mood swings, anxiety, and irritability  
• Muscle weakness and fatigue
• Reduced libido or erectile dysfunction
• Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhoea)
• Hair loss or thinning
• Dry skin and brittle nails
• Difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep
• Rarely, male breast enlargement (gynecomastia)

Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism in Men

Diagnosing thyroid disorders in men involves a combination of clinical evaluation, symptom assessment, and specific diagnostic tests.  

• Physical assessment: Your doctor will conduct a thorough physical examination, focusing on the size of the thyroid gland, the presence of nodules, or signs of increased metabolism, such as a rapid heartbeat.
• Blood picture: Blood tests play a crucial role in diagnosis. They measure levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). In hyperthyroidism, TSH levels typically decrease due to the excessive production of thyroid hormones, which is reflected in elevated T3 and T4 levels. 
• Thyroid antibody test: In cases where autoimmune thyroid disease is suspected, such as Graves' disease, specific antibody tests may help detect antibodies that target the thyroid gland.
• Other imaging: For a more detailed assessment, doctors may recommend imaging tests such as a thyroid scan or ultrasound to visualise the gland's structure and identify any irregularities.
• If thyroid nodules are detected and there is concern about cancer, doctors may perform a biopsy to rule out its possibility.

Treatment for Hyperthyroidism in Men

The treatment for hyperthyroidism in men hinges on the severity of the condition, the underlying reason, and the individual's overall health. Various treatment modalities include: 

• Medications: Antithyroid medications are often the first line of treatment. They work by hindering the thyroid's ability to produce hormones. While effective, these medications require careful monitoring to avoid under-correcting or overcorrecting thyroid hormone levels. 
• Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy: RAI therapy involves consuming a radioactive substance that selectively destroys overactive thyroid cells. This treatment aims for a long-term solution but may lead to hypothyroidism, necessitating lifelong hormone replacement therapy.
• Surgery: In cases where medication and radioactive therapy are unsuitable or ineffective, doctors may consider surgery to remove a segment or all of the thyroid gland. This definitive approach offers relief from hyperthyroidism but also typically results in hypothyroidism, requiring ongoing hormone supplementation.
• Symptomatic management: Depending on the specific manifestations experienced by the individual, doctors may recommend supportive treatments. They address increased heart rate, weight fluctuation, low energy, and sexual dysfunction.

When Should I See a Doctor?

Recognizing when to seek medical attention is crucial in managing thyroid health. Thyroid symptoms in males, such as unexplained weight changes, persistent mood swings, or irregular heartbeats, warrant expert help. Similarly, if there's a visible enlargement in the neck or symptoms worsen despite initial treatment, it's time to reassess with a doctor.

Conclusion

Understanding and combating high thyroid in men is full of various challenges. Signs of thyroid in men can be managed by being attentive to symptoms, prompt diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. Awareness and education play pivotal roles in explaining thyroid diseases and encouraging individuals to seek help when needed. 

FAQ's

1. Can men be diagnosed with thyroid disease?

Men can be diagnosed with thyroid disease, including hyperthyroidism. While less common than in women, thyroid disorders significantly affect men's health and require appropriate medical attention.

2. When do thyroid problems start in men?

Thyroid problems can begin at any age but often surface during periods of significant hormonal change, such as adolescence, middle age, or after the age of 60. Lifestyle factors and genetic predisposition also play roles in the onset of thyroid issues in men.

3. Can thyroid in men be cured?

The approach to treating thyroid disorders in men depends on the underlying cause and severity. While some conditions can be effectively managed or cured, others require lifelong management. Most men can lead normal, healthy lives despite their thyroid condition with proper treatment.